Java
Java was initiated in 1991 by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (the "Green Team") to develop a platform-independent language for embedded devices.
Originally named Oak, it was renamed Java in 1995
After exploring C++ (which proved too heavy and too closely tied to platform dependencies), the team embarked on an entirely new project codenamed the “Green Project”.
From the outset Java was built around key design goals: robustness, portability, platform independence, high performance, and multithreading.
Over the years the Java Class Library expanded from only a few hundred classes to thousands and the platform grew to support
enterprise, mobile, and cloud applications.