Partial Failure in Batch Delivery Explained — Event Notifications for Email and SMS
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TL;DR: Treat a bulk notification as many independently advancing recipient deliveries, never as one queue item with one success flag. For each generated student report, persist an immutable dispatch intent, one email attempt, and any SMS notice attempt; accept callbacks or bounded polling as evidence, but translate them into your own monotonic state machine. A stuck queue then becomes a precise question: which recipient lacks which expected evidence by which deadline? The important trade-off is