Distributed Systems - Algebraic Types for Better State Modeling

Distributed systems are notoriously hard. They force us to deal with constant uncertainty: machines fail, networks drop messages, requests time out, and nodes unexpectedly change roles. Because of this, the real challenge in distributed architecture is not just writing business logic—it is modeling state correctly. For example, a node in a cluster might be a leader, a follower, or in recovery. If we model these states poorly, subtle correctness bugs can appear quickly. This is exactly where al